Choosing between full truckload (FTL) and less than truckload (LTL) is one of the first decisions in shipping freight. Both move cargo by truck, but they work differently. This guide explains the differences so you can request a more accurate quote.
What is FTL?
Full truckload means your freight uses a trailer by itself. The trailer is loaded at pickup and moved to the delivery location, without being combined with other shippers’ freight.
What is LTL?
Less than truckload means your freight shares trailer space with other shipments. You pay for the space you use, which suits smaller palletized shipments.
FTL vs LTL at a glance
| FTL | LTL | |
|---|---|---|
| Space | Entire trailer | Shared trailer |
| Typical size | Large or heavy | One to several pallets |
| Handling | Usually direct | Can be handled more than once |
| Pricing basis | Lane, equipment, timing | Weight, dimensions, class, distance |
When FTL makes sense
- Your shipment fills most of a trailer by weight or space
- Freight should not be combined with others
- You want a more direct move
- Delivery timing is important
When LTL makes sense
- Your shipment is a few pallets
- You want to pay only for the space you use
- Timing is flexible
- Freight is well packaged and labeled for extra handling
How to decide between FTL vs LTL
Ask yourself three questions: How big is the shipment? How fragile or time-sensitive is it? How flexible is the schedule? When the answers point in different directions, tell us the details and we will review the options with you.
Mistakes to avoid
- Guessing weight or dimensions: inaccurate details can change the final price
- Skipping packaging for LTL freight that will be handled more than once
- Requesting a quote without a pickup window
- Comparing quotes that do not include the same services
Ready to compare? Read how to prepare a freight quote request, then request a quote. Learn more about Full Truckload and LTL, or check carrier records on the FMCSA SAFER System.